ESLint v10.0.0 released

Highlights

ESLint v10.0.0 is a major release that includes several new features and breaking changes. Here are some of the most notable updates.

Installing

Because this is a major release, you may not automatically be upgraded by npm. To ensure you are using this version, run:

npm i eslint@10.0.0 --save-dev
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Node.js < v20.19.0, v21.x, v23.x no longer supported

As of this post, Node.js v24.x is the LTS release, and as such we are dropping support for all versions of Node.js prior to v20.19.0 as well as v21.x and v23.x.

Migration Guide

As there are a lot of changes, we’ve created a migration guide describing the breaking changes in great detail along with the steps you should take to address them. We expect that most users should be able to upgrade without any build changes, but the migration guide should be a useful resource if you encounter problems.

New configuration file lookup algorithm

ESLint v10.0.0 locates eslint.config.* by starting from the directory of each linted file rather than the current working directory as was the case with ESLint v9.x. The new behavior allows for using multiple configuration files in the same run and can be particularly useful in monorepo setups.

In ESLint v9.x, this config lookup behavior could be enabled with the v10_config_lookup_from_file feature flag. In ESLint v10.0.0, this behavior is now the default and the v10_config_lookup_from_file flag has been removed.

Removed eslintrc functionality

As announced in Flat config rollout plans, the eslintrc config system has been completely removed in ESLint v10.0.0. Specifically, this means:

1. The ESLINT_USE_FLAT_CONFIG environment variable is no longer honored.
2. The CLI no longer supports eslintrc-specific arguments (--no-eslintrc, --env, --resolve-plugins-relative-to, --rulesdir, --ignore-path).
3. .eslintrc.* and .eslintignore files will no longer be honored.
4. /* eslint-env */ comments are reported as errors.
5. The loadESLint() function now always returns the ESLint class.
6. The Linter constructor configType argument can only be "flat" and will throw an error if "eslintrc" is passed.
7. The following Linter eslintrc-specific methods are removed:
   • defineParser()
   • defineRule()
   • defineRules()
   • getRules()
8. The following changes to the /use-at-your-own-risk entrypoint:
   • LegacyESLint is removed
   • FileEnumerator is removed
   • shouldUseFlatConfig() function will always return true

JSX references are now tracked

ESLint v10.0.0 now tracks JSX references, enabling correct scope analysis of JSX elements.

Previously, JSX identifiers weren’t tracked as references, which could lead to incorrect results in rules relying on scope information. For example:

import { Card } from "./card.jsx";

export function createCard(name) {
  return <Card name={name} />;
}
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Prior to v10.0.0:

• False positives: <Card> could be reported as “defined but never used” (no-unused-vars).
• False negatives: Removing the import might not trigger an “undefined variable” error (no-undef).

Starting with v10.0.0, <Card> is treated as a normal reference to the variable in scope. This eliminates confusing false positives/negatives, aligns JSX handling with developer expectations, and improves the linting experience in projects using JSX.

Espree and ESLint Scope now include types

Beginning with Espree v11.1.0 and ESLint Scope v9.1.0, these packages now contain built-in type definitions.

Previously, type definitions were provided by Definitely Typed packages @types/espree and @types/eslint-scope. There are several differences between the old and new type definitions, mostly bug fixes. If your code relies on types for the Espree and ESLint Scope packages, check if there are any updates needed.

Enhancements to RuleTester

Since its earliest days, ESLint has provided the RuleTester API to help plugin authors test their rules against custom test cases and configurations. This release introduces several enhancements to RuleTester to enforce more robust test definitions and improve debugging.

Assertion options

The RuleTester#run() method now supports assertion options, specifically requireMessage, requireLocation, and requireData, to let developers enforce stricter requirements in rule tests. These options enforce that every invalid test case explicitly checks violation messages, locations, and data, ensuring that a test fails if it doesn’t meet the requirements.

• requireMessage

  • Ensures every test case includes a message check.
  • Accepts:
    • true: Must use an array of objects for errors, rather than a numeric count shorthand, to check the problems reported by a rule. Each object must include a message or messageId property as usual to check the message of a reported problem.
    • "message": Must check using message only.
    • "messageId": Must check using messageId only.
  • Purpose: Prevents tests from passing without verifying the actual message.

• requireLocation

  • Ensures every test case includes a location check.
  • Accepts: true
  • Requires line and column in each object of the errors array.
  • endLine and endColumn are optional if the actual report doesn’t include them.
  • Purpose: Guarantees that tests validate the location of an error.

• requireData

  • Ensures every test case includes a data check.
  • Accepts: true
  • When set to true, RuleTester will require invalid test cases to include a data object whenever a messageId references a message with placeholders. This helps ensure that tests remain consistent with rule messages that rely on placeholder substitution.

Example Usage:

ruleTester.run("my-rule", rule, {
  valid: [
    { code: "var foo = true;" }
  ],
  invalid: [
    {
      code: "var invalidVariable = true;",
      errors: [
        { message: "Unexpected invalid variable.", line: 1, column: 5 }
      ]
    }
  ],
  assertionOptions: {
    requireMessage: true,
    requireLocation: true
  }
});
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Improved location reporting for failing tests

RuleTester now decorates stack traces with information that makes it easier to locate failing test cases in your source code. For example, the test output will now include stack trace lines indicating the index of the failing test case in the invalid array and the file and line number where that test case is defined.

Note that these line numbers may not always be included, depending on how your tests are structured. When the lines cannot be determined precisely, the failing test index and the printed code snippet are still available to locate the test case.

countThis option in max-params rule

The max-params rule now supports the new countThis option, which supersedes the deprecated countVoidThis. With the setting countThis: "never", the rule will now ignore any this annotation in a function’s argument list when counting the number of parameters in a TypeScript function. For example:

function doSomething(this: SomeType, first: string, second: number) {
 // ...
}
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will be considered a function taking only 2 parameters.

color property in formatter context

When the --color or --no-color option is specified on the command line, ESLint sets an additional color property on the context object passed to a formatter (the second argument of the format() method). This property is true for --color and false for --no-color. Custom formatters can use this value to determine whether to apply color styling, based on the assumption that the terminal supports or does not support colors as indicated by the option.

Updated eslint:recommended

The eslint:recommended configuration is updated to include new rules that we feel are important.

Removed deprecated rule context members

The following rule context members are no longer available:

• context.getCwd() - Use context.cwd instead
• context.getFilename() - Use context.filename instead
• context.getPhysicalFilename() - Use context.physicalFilename instead
• context.getSourceCode() - Use context.sourceCode instead
• context.parserOptions - Use context.languageOptions or context.languageOptions.parserOptions instead
• context.parserPath - No replacement

Removed deprecated SourceCode methods

The following SourceCode methods are no longer available:

• getTokenOrCommentBefore() - Use getTokenBefore() with the { includeComments: true } option instead
• getTokenOrCommentAfter() - Use getTokenAfter() with the { includeComments: true } option instead
• isSpaceBetweenTokens() - Use isSpaceBetween() instead
• getJSDocComment() - No replacement

Program AST node range spans entire source text

Starting with ESLint v10.0.0, Program AST node’s range spans the entire source text. Previously, leading and trailing comments/whitespace were not included in the range.

Jiti < v2.2.0 no longer supported

ESLint v10.0.0 drops support for jiti versions prior to 2.2.0 when loading TypeScript configuration files due to known issues that can cause compatibility problems when configurations load certain plugins.

Breaking Changes

• f9e54f4 feat!: estimate rule-tester failure location (#20420) (ST-DDT)
• a176319 feat!: replace chalk with styleText and add color to ResultsMeta (#20227) (루밀LuMir)
• c7046e6 feat!: enable JSX reference tracking (#20152) (Pixel998)
• fa31a60 feat!: add name to configs (#20015) (Kirk Waiblinger)
• 3383e7e fix!: remove deprecated SourceCode methods (#20137) (Pixel998)
• 501abd0 feat!: update dependency minimatch to v10 (#20246) (renovate[bot])
• ca4d3b4 fix!: stricter rule tester assertions for valid test cases (#20125) (唯然)
• 96512a6 fix!: Remove deprecated rule context methods (#20086) (Nicholas C. Zakas)
• c69fdac feat!: remove eslintrc support (#20037) (Francesco Trotta)
• 208b5cc feat!: Use ScopeManager#addGlobals() (#20132) (Milos Djermanovic)
• a2ee188 fix!: add uniqueItems: true in no-invalid-regexp option (#20155) (Tanuj Kanti)
• a89059d feat!: Program range span entire source text (#20133) (Pixel998)
• 39a6424 fix!: assert ‘text’ is a string across all RuleFixer methods (#20082) (Pixel998)
• f28fbf8 fix!: Deprecate "always" and "as-needed" options of the radix rule (#20223) (Milos Djermanovic)
• aa3fb2b fix!: tighten func-names schema (#20119) (Pixel998)
• f6c0ed0 feat!: report eslint-env comments as errors (#20128) (Francesco Trotta)
• 4bf739f fix!: remove deprecated LintMessage#nodeType and TestCaseError#type (#20096) (Pixel998)
• 523c076 feat!: drop support for jiti < 2.2.0 (#20016) (michael faith)
• 454a292 feat!: update eslint:recommended configuration (#20210) (Pixel998)
• 4f880ee feat!: remove v10_* and inactive unstable_* flags (#20225) (sethamus)
• f18115c feat!: no-shadow-restricted-names report globalThis by default (#20027) (sethamus)
• c6358c3 feat!: Require Node.js ^20.19.0 || ^22.13.0 || >=24 (#20160) (Milos Djermanovic)

Features

• bff9091 feat: handle Array.fromAsync in array-callback-return (#20457) (Francesco Trotta)
• 290c594 feat: add self to no-implied-eval rule (#20468) (sethamus)
• 43677de feat: fix handling of function and class expression names in no-shadow (#20432) (Milos Djermanovic)
• f0cafe5 feat: rule tester add assertion option requireData (#20409) (fnx)
• f7ab693 feat: output RuleTester test case failure index (#19976) (ST-DDT)
• 7cbcbf9 feat: add countThis option to max-params (#20236) (Gerkin)
• f148a5e feat: add error assertion options (#20247) (ST-DDT)
• 09e6654 feat: update error loc of require-yield and no-useless-constructor (#20267) (Tanuj Kanti)

Bug Fixes

• 436b82f fix: update eslint (#20473) (renovate[bot])
• 1d29d22 fix: detect default this binding in Array.fromAsync callbacks (#20456) (Francesco Trotta)
• 727451e fix: fix regression of global mode report range in strict rule (#20462) (ntnyq)
• e80485f fix: remove fake FlatESLint and LegacyESLint exports (#20460) (Francesco Trotta)
• 9eeff3b fix: update esquery (#20423) (cryptnix)
• b34b938 fix: use Error.prepareStackTrace to estimate failing test location (#20436) (Francesco Trotta)
• 51aab53 fix: update eslint (#20443) (renovate[bot])
• 23490b2 fix: handle space before colon in RuleTester location estimation (#20433) (Francesco Trotta)
• f244dbf fix: use MessagePlaceholderData type from @eslint/core (#20348) (루밀LuMir)
• d186f8c fix: update eslint (#20427) (renovate[bot])
• 2332262 fix: error location should not modify error message in RuleTester (#20421) (Milos Djermanovic)
• ab99b21 fix: ensure filename is passed as third argument to verifyAndFix() (#20405) (루밀LuMir)
• 8a60f3b fix: remove ecmaVersion and sourceType from ParserOptions type (#20415) (Pixel998)
• eafd727 fix: remove TDZ scope type (#20231) (jaymarvelz)
• 39d1f51 fix: correct Scope typings (#20404) (sethamus)
• 2bd0f13 fix: update verify and verifyAndFix types (#20384) (Francesco Trotta)
• ba6ebfa fix: correct typings for loadESLint() and shouldUseFlatConfig() (#20393) (루밀LuMir)
• e7673ae fix: correct RuleTester typings (#20105) (Pixel998)
• 53e9522 fix: strict removed formatters check (#20241) (ntnyq)
• b017f09 fix: correct no-restricted-import messages (#20374) (Francesco Trotta)

Documentation

• e978dda docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 4cecf83 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• c79f0ab docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 773c052 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• f2962e4 docs: document meta.docs.frozen property (#20475) (Pixel998)
• 8e94f58 docs: fix broken anchor links from gerund heading updates (#20449) (Copilot)
• 1495654 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 0b8ed5c docs: document support for :is selector alias (#20454) (sethamus)
• 1c4b33f docs: Document policies about ESM-only dependencies (#20448) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 3e5d38c docs: add missing indentation space in rule example (#20446) (fnx)
• 63a0c7c docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 65ed0c9 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• b0e4717 docs: [no-await-in-loop] Expand inapplicability (#20363) (Niklas Hambüchen)
• fca421f docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• d925c54 docs: update config syntax in no-lone-blocks (#20413) (Pixel998)
• 7d5c95f docs: remove redundant sourceType: "module" from rule examples (#20412) (Pixel998)
• 02e7e71 docs: correct .mts glob pattern in files with extensions example (#20403) (Ali Essalihi)
• 264b981 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 5a4324f docs: clarify "local" option of no-unused-vars (#20385) (Milos Djermanovic)
• e593aa0 docs: improve clarity, grammar, and wording in documentation site README (#20370) (Aditya)
• 3f5062e docs: Add messages property to rule meta documentation (#20361) (Sabya Sachi)
• 9e5a5c2 docs: remove Examples headings from rule docs (#20364) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 194f488 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 0f5a94a docs: [class-methods-use-this] explain purpose of rule (#20008) (Kirk Waiblinger)
• df5566f docs: add Options section to all rule docs (#20296) (sethamus)
• adf7a2b docs: no-unsafe-finally note for generator functions (#20330) (Tom Pereira)
• ef7028c docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• fbae5d1 docs: consistently use “v10.0.0” in migration guide (#20328) (Pixel998)
• 778aa2d docs: ignoring default file patterns (#20312) (Tanuj Kanti)
• 4b5dbcd docs: reorder v10 migration guide (#20315) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 5d84a73 docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)
• 37c8863 docs: fix incorrect anchor link in v10 migration guide (#20299) (Pixel998)
• 077ff02 docs: add migrate-to-10.0.0 doc (#20143) (唯然)
• 3822e1b docs: Update README (GitHub Actions Bot)

Build Related

• 9f08712 Build: changelog update for 10.0.0-rc.2 (Jenkins)
• 1e2c449 Build: changelog update for 10.0.0-rc.1 (Jenkins)
• c4c72a8 Build: changelog update for 10.0.0-rc.0 (Jenkins)
• 7e4daf9 Build: changelog update for 10.0.0-beta.0 (Jenkins)
• a126a2a build: add .scss files entry to knip (#20389) (Francesco Trotta)
• f5c0193 Build: changelog update for 10.0.0-alpha.1 (Jenkins)
• 165326f Build: changelog update for 10.0.0-alpha.0 (Jenkins)

Chores

• 1ece282 chore: ignore /docs/v9.x in link checker (#20452) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 034e139 ci: add type integration test for @html-eslint/eslint-plugin (#20345) (sethamus)
• f3fbc2f chore: set @eslint/js version to 10.0.0 to skip releasing it (#20466) (Milos Djermanovic)
• afc0681 chore: remove scopeManager.addGlobals patch for typescript-eslint parser (#20461) (fnx)
• 3e5a173 refactor: use types from @eslint/plugin-kit (#20435) (Pixel998)
• 11644b1 ci: rename workflows (#20463) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 2d14173 chore: fix typos in docs and comments (#20458) (o-m12a)
• 6742f92 test: add endLine/endColumn to invalid test case in no-alert (#20441) (경하)
• 3e22c82 test: add missing location data to no-template-curly-in-string tests (#20440) (Haeun Kim)
• b4b3127 chore: package.json update for @eslint/js release (Jenkins)
• f658419 refactor: remove raw parser option from JS language (#20416) (Pixel998)
• 2c3efb7 chore: remove category from type test fixtures (#20417) (Pixel998)
• 36193fd chore: remove category from formatter test fixtures (#20418) (Pixel998)
• e8d203b chore: add JSX language tag validation to check-rule-examples (#20414) (Pixel998)
• bc465a1 chore: pin dependencies (#20397) (renovate[bot])
• 703f0f5 test: replace deprecated rules in linter tests (#20406) (루밀LuMir)
• ba71baa test: enable strict mode in type tests (#20398) (루밀LuMir)
• f9c4968 refactor: remove lib/linter/rules.js (#20399) (Francesco Trotta)
• 6f1c48e chore: updates for v9.39.2 release (Jenkins)
• 54bf0a3 ci: create package manager test (#20392) (루밀LuMir)
• 3115021 refactor: simplify JSDoc comment detection logic (#20360) (Pixel998)
• 4345b17 chore: update @eslint-community/regexpp to 4.12.2 (#20366) (루밀LuMir)
• 772c9ee chore: update dependency @eslint/eslintrc to ^3.3.3 (#20359) (renovate[bot])
• 0b14059 chore: package.json update for @eslint/js release (Jenkins)
• d6e7bf3 ci: bump actions/checkout from 5 to 6 (#20350) (dependabot[bot])
• 139d456 chore: require mandatory headers in rule docs (#20347) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 3b0289c chore: remove unused .eslintignore and test fixtures (#20316) (Pixel998)
• a463e7b chore: update dependency js-yaml to v4 [security] (#20319) (renovate[bot])
• ebfe905 chore: remove redundant rules from eslint-config-eslint (#20327) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 88dfdb2 test: add regression tests for message placeholder interpolation (#20318) (fnx)
• 6ed0f75 chore: skip type checking in eslint-config-eslint (#20323) (Francesco Trotta)
• 1e2cad5 chore: package.json update for @eslint/js release (Jenkins)
• 9da2679 chore: update @eslint/* dependencies (#20321) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 0439794 refactor: use types from @eslint/core (#20235) (jaymarvelz)
• cb51ec2 test: cleanup SourceCode#traverse tests (#20289) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 897a347 chore: remove restriction for type in rule tests (#20305) (Pixel998)
• d972098 chore: ignore prettier updates in renovate to keep in sync with trunk (#20304) (Pixel998)
• a086359 chore: remove redundant fast-glob dev-dependency (#20301) (루밀LuMir)
• 564b302 chore: install prettier as a dev dependency (#20302) (michael faith)
• 8257b57 refactor: correct regex for eslint-plugin/report-message-format (#20300) (루밀LuMir)
• e251671 refactor: extract assertions in RuleTester (#20135) (唯然)
• 2e7f25e chore: add legacy-peer-deps to .npmrc (#20281) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 39c638a chore: update eslint-config-eslint dependencies for v10 prereleases (#20278) (Milos Djermanovic)
• 8533b3f chore: update dependency @eslint/json to ^0.14.0 (#20288) (renovate[bot])
• 796ddf6 chore: update dependency @eslint/js to ^9.39.1 (#20285) (renovate[bot])